Mouth Ulcer..BEWARE!!!

Mouth ulcer is an open sore inside the mouth caused by a break in the mucous membrane or the epithelium on the lips or surrounding the mouth. The types of ulcers are diverse, with a multitude of associated causes including: physical or chemical trauma, infection from microorganisms, medical conditions or medications, cancerous and nonspecific processes. Once formed, the ulcer may be maintained by inflammation and/or secondary infection. Two common types are aphthous ulcers and cold sores or fever blisters. Cold sores around the lip are caused by the herpes simplex virus.

Questions for SELF!

Who is the most important person in your life? Do you think you need to important the relationship with him/her? How should you do it?

Structure of Plant cell and it's organelles functions.

Figure 1.Plant Cell

Organelles' functions:-

1.Nucleus:-
i)Within nucleus, the chromosomes are in a loosely coiled state known as chromatin (except during nuclear division).
ii)Chromosomes contain DNA which is organised into functional units called genes.
iii)Genes control the activities of the cell and inheritance.
iv)Division of the nucleus precedes cell division.
v)Within nucleus, the nucleolus manufactures ribosomes, using the information in its own DNA.



2.Ribosomes:-
i)The space inside the sac forms a compartment separate from the surrounding cytoplasm.
ii)It goes on to the Golgi apparatus.
iii)Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.
iv)At high magnifications, the ribosomes are seen having two parts, a smaller and a larger subunit.
v)They are found free in the cytoplasm as well as on the rough ER.
vi)They are very small organelles and made of RNA and protein.
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER):-
i)Separate into two groups-[Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum].
ii)In some area, the ER lacks ribosomes and appears smooth.
iii)This called smooth ER and the ribosomes-covered ER is called rough ER.
iv)The membranes form a system of flattened sacs, called cisternae.
v)The smooth ER synthesis lipids and steroids-cholesterol and reproductive hormones.
vii)The protein manufactured on the ribosomes are transported throughout the cell by the rough ER.
4.Golgi Apparatus:-
i)The apparatus collects, processes and sorts molecules (particularly protein from the rough ER).
ii)Ready to be transported in Golgi vesicles either to other parts of the cell or out of the cell(secretion).
iii)Golgi Apparatus are also used to make lysosomes.
5.Mitochondria:-
i)Slightly larger than lysosomes and are surrounded
by two membranes-an envelope.
ii)The inner part is folded to form finger-like cristae which project into the interior solution or matrix.
iii)Main function is to carry out the later stages of aerobic respiration.
iv)As a result of respiration, they make ATP, the universal energy carrier in cells.
v)They are also involved in synthesis of lipids.
6.Plasma Membrane:-
i)This consists of two dark lines(heavily stained) either side of a narrow, pale interior.
ii)Partially permeable, controlling exchange between cell and its environment.
7.Cell wall:-
i)Give mechanical support to herbaceous plants with weak stems.
ii)Allow water and mineral salts to move through and along it, as it is permeable and rigid.
iii)Prevent the movement of certain substances.
iv)Direct the pattern of growth and shape of a cell by the cellulose fibril arrangement in the cell wall.
v)Store food reserves, such as hemicelluloses.
8.Chloroplast:-
i)Contain enzymes necessary for the photosynthesis light-independent reactions in the stroma.
ii)Contain chlorophyll and other pigments that are required for the photosynthesis light-dependent reactions in thylakoids.
iii)Store the photosynthetic products in the form of starch grains.
9.Vacuole:-
i)Provide support for plants by enabling water molecules to pass through via osmosis and maintain turgidity.
ii)Contain hydrolytic enzymes and play a similar role as lysosomes.
iii)Contain pigments to provide colour for parts of the plant, especially the flowers.
iv)Temporarily store waste products such as tannin and alkaloids.
v)Temporarily store food such as sucrose.

Schedule of PC fair in Malaysia

*2 - 4 APRIL 2010 (11:00am - 9:00pm)
-Persada Johor International Convention Centre, Johor Bahru, Johor
-Dewan 2020, Kangar, Perlis
-Village Mal, Sungai Petani, Kedah
-Batu Pahat Mall, Batu Pahat, Johor

*8 - 10 APRIL 2010 (11:00am - 9:00pm)
-KB Mall, Kota Bharu, Kelantan
-Terengganu Trade Centre, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu

*9 - 11 APRIL 2010 (11:00am - 9:00pm)
-Penang International Sports Arena (PISA), Penang
-Melaka International Trade Centre (MITC), Melaka Shuttle Bus Service Available

*16 - 18 APRIL 2010 (11:00am - 9:00pm)
-Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Kuala Lumpur
-Berjaya Megamall, Kuantan, Pahang
-Dewan Perbandaran Taiping, Taiping, Perak
-Dewan Tunku Ibrahim Ismail, Kluang, Johor

*30 APRIL - 2 MAY 2010 (11:00am - 9:00pm)
-Stadium Indera Mulia, Ipoh, Perak
-Dewan Jubli Intan, Muar, Johor
-Permata Car Park, Kuching, Sarawak
-Sibu Trade & Exhibition Centre, Sibu, Sarawak
-Dewan Masyarakat, Sandakan, Sabah

*7 - 9 MAY 2010 (11:00am - 9:00pm)
-Dewan Merdeka, Seri Manjung, Perak
-Dewan Suarah, Bintulu, Sarawak
-Miri Indoor Stadium, Miri, Sarawak
-1 Borneo, LG Car Park Exhibition Hall, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
-Dewan Masyarakat, Tawau, Sabah

Difference between the Doctor and Pharmacist in Malaysia and other country.

In Malaysia,
-Doctor besides than helps patient in medical check up, doctor also gives medicine.
-Pharmacist is the occupation to sell medicines, vitamins and even tonics.

In other countries,
-Doctor helps in medical check up only. It's not the responsibility of doctor to give the medicines, doctor only gives the name of medicines.
-Pharmacist helps patient to collect medicine and also sell vitamins and tonics.

Happy? / Sad?

Happiness is doubled when you share them together and sadness is halved when you share the together.

History of Malaysia

The impact of the Japanese Occupation:-

A) Economy:
1.Railway, bridges and road were all destroyed.
2.Rubber and tin industries were stagnant.
3.All available food stuff and resources gave to Japanese military purposes only.
4.Malayan people suffered and died of starvation.
5.Lack of the necessities of life.
6.Unlimited printing of Japanese note caused the inflation rate to increase and those note became worthless. These note was known as "banana money".

B) Social:
1.Unemployment and poverty increased rapidly.
2.More social problems happenned.
3.Malayan people sent as forced laborers to build a 250 miles railway from Siam to Burma, which is known as "Death Railway".
4.Touture and arrest were so usual.
5.More than 40,000 people were killed in a massacre lasting for days.
6.Japanese fostered communal disunity by favouring the Malays and Indians and oppressing the Chinese.
7.Japanesee made the Malays conscious and resentful of the Chinese economic power under British rule.